Vietnam manufacturing electricity tariff
Rate schedule by voltage for manufacturing customers (sản xuất). All rates VND/kWh, excluding VAT.
| Voltage | Peak | Standard | Off-peak | Spread |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥ 110 kV | 3,266 | 1,811 | 1,146 | 2,120 |
| 22 kV to <110 kV | 3,398 | 1,833 | 1,190 | 2,208 |
| 6 kV to <22 kV | 3,508 | 1,899 | 1,234 | 2,274 |
| < 6 kV | 3,640 | 1,987 | 1,300 | 2,340 |
All rates VND/kWh excl. VAT. Highlighted row is the most common mid-scale connection.
Source: Decision 1279/QĐ-BCT, effective 10 May 2025 (rate levels). Decision 963/QĐ-BCT, effective 22 April 2026 (TOU clock windows).
Rate levels in force since 10 May 2025. TOU clock windows restructured 22 April 2026 under Decision 963/QĐ-BCT.
Key facts
| Rate effective since | 10 May 2025 (Decision 1279/QĐ-BCT — rate levels). TOU clock windows restructured 22 April 2026 under Decision 963/QĐ-BCT. |
|---|---|
| Legal source | Decision 1279/QĐ-BCT (rates), issued 9 May 2025 by MOIT. Decision 963/QĐ-BCT (TOU windows), signed and effective 22 April 2026. |
| Voltage bands | Four: ≥110 kV, 22 kV to <110 kV, 6 kV to <22 kV, <6 kV |
| Customer class | Manufacturing (sản xuất) — facilities producing goods, including processing, assembly, and industrial operations |
| Peak hours (all voltages) | Monday–Saturday 17:30–22:30 — a single continuous 5-hour evening block under Decision 963; no peak on Sundays |
| Off-peak hours (all voltages) | All days 00:00–06:00 (6 hours/day) under Decision 963 |
| TOU meter required | Mandatory for transformers ≥25 kVA or consumption ≥2,000 kWh/month (Circular 60/2025/TT-BCT) |
| Two-part tariff eligibility | Yes — manufacturing customers at ≥22 kV consuming ≥200,000 kWh/month are in the July 2026 pilot cohort |
TOU windows and two-part tariff
The rates shown in the hero apply at the voltages shown, in the TOU windows below. TOU windows are identical across all four manufacturing voltage bands. Windows are as restructured by Decision 963/QĐ-BCT (effective 22 April 2026).
TOU windows · Monday–Saturday
- Peak17:30–22:30 — single continuous evening block5 hrs/day
- Standard06:00–17:30 and 22:30–24:0013 hrs/day
- Off-peak00:00–06:006 hrs/day
TOU windows · Sunday
- No peakSunday weekday-peak window is billed at standard rate—
- Standard06:00–24:0018 hrs/day
- Off-peak00:00–06:006 hrs/day
Two-part tariff (pilot from 1 July 2026)
Manufacturing customers connected at ≥22 kV and consuming ≥200,000 kWh/month enter the two-part tariff pilot under Decree 146/2025/NĐ-CP. Pilot structure at 22 kV (other voltage bands follow the same structure with different capacity-charge amounts): the capacity charge is VND 235,414/kW/month on registered Pmax, and the energy charges shift to approximately VND 2,206/kWh peak, VND 1,292/kWh standard, VND 874/kWh off-peak — roughly 25–35% below Decision 1279 rates, because part of grid-cost recovery has moved to the capacity component.
See Two-part tariff explained → for how the capacity charge interacts with BESS peak-shaving economics.
Where this tariff sits in Vietnam's C&I tariff structure
Manufacturing vs business — one-row decision prompt
| Customer class at 22 kV | Peak | Standard | Off-peak | Spread |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manufacturing | 3,398 | 1,833 | 1,190 | 2,208 |
| Business (kinh doanh) | 5,025 | 2,887 | 1,609 | 3,416 |
At the same 22 kV voltage, a business-tariff customer pays 48% more per peak kWh than a manufacturing customer and faces a peak-to-off-peak spread 55% wider. This matters because Circular 60/2025/TT-BCT (effective 2 December 2025) reclassified third-party data centres from manufacturing to business — a shift worth an estimated 40–55% in blended electricity-cost terms. Commercial operators running on a manufacturing schedule by legacy classification should check whether they are correctly classified. See Vietnam business electricity tariff → for the business-side picture.
TOU clock window restructure — Decision 963/QĐ-BCT (22 April 2026)
The rates above are unchanged in the near term, but the TOU clock windows they apply to were restructured on 22 April 2026 under Decision 963/QĐ-BCT (Thứ trưởng Nguyễn Hoàng Long), the MOIT implementing decision under Circular 60/2025/TT-BCT. MOIT had earlier circulated a seasonal-window draft (15 April 2026); EVN submitted a year-round counter-proposal. The landed decision tracks the EVN counter-proposal closely.
| Schedule variant | Peak hours (Mon–Sat) | Off-peak | Mon–Sat standard |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-963 (in force 2014–22 April 2026) | 09:30–11:30 and 17:00–20:00 — 5h split | 22:00–04:00 | 04:00–09:30, 11:30–17:00, 20:00–22:00 |
| MOIT draft (15 April 2026 — not adopted) | Jan–Apr, Sep–Dec: 14:00–19:00 continuous. May–Aug: 14:30–16:30 + 19:30–22:30 split | 00:00–06:00 | Remaining 13h |
| Decision 963 (in force from 22 April 2026) | 17:30–22:30 — 5h continuous evening | 00:00–06:00 | 06:00–17:30 and 22:30–24:00 |
All three variants total 5 peak hours per day Monday to Saturday. Sundays have no peak hours under any variant. The total peak-hour count was preserved by Decision 963; what changed is when those hours fall.
What a manufacturing customer should note:
- The 09:30–11:30 morning peak is abolished. For continuous-shift operations this removes a mid-morning cost spike from production scheduling.
- Afternoon rooftop solar generation now displaces standard-rate kWh, not peak-rate kWh. Solar self-consumption monetises against the unchanged standard band; the 5-hour evening peak from 17:30 sits almost entirely after sunset and cannot be served from solar without storage. Roughly 95% of solar kWh self-consume against the standard rate during the working day; the residual 5% is late-afternoon solar overlapping the new 17:30 peak start.
- BESS dispatch is materially more valuable under Decision 963. A 5-hour continuous evening peak (17:30–22:30) is the ideal standalone-storage dispatch profile — 66% wider than the pre-963 split window, with off-peak charging shifted to the early-morning 00:00–06:00 band.
Source: Decision 963/QĐ-BCT, signed and effective 22 April 2026 (Thứ trưởng Nguyễn Hoàng Long), MOIT implementing decision under Circular 60/2025/TT-BCT. The MOIT seasonal draft (15 April 2026) and EVN year-round counter-proposal were the two competing variants pre-decision; the EVN year-round structure was effectively adopted.
What this tariff costs in practice
A mid-size manufacturing facility under the current 22 kV tariff
Setup
- LocationMid-size manufacturing facility, Binh Duong province
- Voltage22 kV
- Consumption800,000 kWh/month — typical 2–3 MW sustained load running 5–6 days/week
- TOU split25% peak / 60% standard / 15% off-peak — three-shift manufacturing profile
- TariffDecision 1279/QĐ-BCT · 22 kV manufacturing
Monthly bill — all figures VND millions unless noted
| Component | kWh | Rate (VND/kWh) | Bill (VND m) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peak | 200,000 | 3,398 | 680 |
| Standard | 480,000 | 1,833 | 880 |
| Off-peak | 120,000 | 1,190 | 143 |
| Total (excl. VAT) | 800,000 | avg 2,128 | 1,702 |
| VAT (8%) | 136 | ||
| Total (incl. VAT) | 1,838 |
At April 2026 FX (VND 25,500/USD) this is approximately USD 72,100 per month, USD 865,000 per year. The blended average rate of VND 2,128/kWh (excluding VAT) is the benchmarking number Arcus uses for C&I pitch comparison — not the headline peak rate. The 25/60/15 TOU consumption split is robust to Decision 963's clock-window restructure: a three-shift manufacturing profile still allocates ~25% of consumption to the new 17:30–22:30 evening peak window.
What shifts under the July 2026 two-part tariff pilot: with a registered Pmax of roughly 1,800 kW (typical of this load profile), the capacity charge adds approximately VND 424 m/month, and the energy bill falls by approximately VND 536 m/month — a net monthly saving of VND 112 m, before BESS peak-shaving. See two-part tariff → for the full workup.
Scaling to other voltages: the same load profile on a higher voltage band pays slightly less per kWh (the rate spread across bands is narrow — about ±5% either side of 22 kV). For a quick estimate, apply the ratio of your voltage-band peak rate to the 22 kV peak rate (3,398). Example: a <6 kV factory on the same 800,000 kWh/month profile would pay roughly (3,640 / 3,398) × 1,702 ≈ VND 1,823 m excluding VAT. Lower voltages pay more per kWh because of additional transformation-stage losses and grid-cost recovery. For a site-specific model use Arcus's BESS calculator →.
Source: Arcus Energy project analysis, indicative mid-size factory archetype at 22 kV. Rates: Decision 1279/QĐ-BCT Table 1. Worked-example numbers subject to Rob validation before promotion to live html/.
How this tariff interacts with BESS economics
The arbitrage spread. Peak-to-off-peak spreads of VND 2,120–2,340/kWh across the four manufacturing voltage bands are wide in absolute terms and in international comparison. At typical C&I BESS round-trip efficiency of 87% and ~350 cycles per year (daily dispatch less Sundays and maintenance), gross arbitrage revenue per kWh of installed storage at the representative 22 kV spread is:
VND 2,208 × 0.87 × 350 ≈ VND 672,000/kWh-year ≈ USD 26/kWh-year at April 2026 FX
At <6 kV the arbitrage value rises roughly 6% (VND 2,340 spread); at ≥110 kV it falls roughly 4% (VND 2,120 spread). In all four bands the spread alone drives a bankable unlevered return.
The payback math. At Rob's April 2026 all-in BESS capex of USD 190/kWh (CFGE liquid-cooled, installed), gross arbitrage payback alone is roughly 7 years at 22 kV. This compresses under three reinforcing factors now in play on the manufacturing tariff:
- Two-part tariff peak-shaving from July 2026 adds a capacity-charge-reduction revenue stream stacked on top of arbitrage — potentially halving total payback for peaky load profiles
- Pending retail tariff uplift via the Decree 72 amendment on EVN loss recovery (projected Q2–Q3 2026) would widen the absolute VND/kWh spread proportionally
- Decision 963/QĐ-BCT TOU restructure (effective 22 April 2026, see §5.2 above) — abolishes the 09:30–11:30 morning peak and consolidates the evening peak into a single continuous 5-hour block 17:30–22:30. The resulting 66%-wider continuous evening dispatch window is the ideal standalone-storage profile and extends daily BESS dispatch hours without changing the absolute spread.
Who this works for at manufacturing tariff: factories with 2,000+ kW sustained load, TOU-differentiated shift patterns, and the ability to install 1–3 MWh of BESS behind the meter. Outside that envelope the numbers compress quickly.
See Arcus's BESS calculator → for a site-specific payback model.
Frequently asked questions
What is the manufacturing electricity tariff in Vietnam?
Vietnam's manufacturing electricity tariff ranges from VND 3,266/kWh peak at ≥110 kV to VND 3,640/kWh peak at <6 kV, with standard rates of VND 1,811–1,987/kWh and off-peak rates of VND 1,146–1,300/kWh, all excluding VAT. These rates are set under Decision 1279/QĐ-BCT issued by MOIT and have been in force since 10 May 2025.
What are the peak and off-peak hours for manufacturing in Vietnam?
Under Decision 963/QĐ-BCT (effective 22 April 2026), peak hours are Monday to Saturday 17:30–22:30 — a single continuous 5-hour evening block; no peak on Sundays. Off-peak hours are 00:00–06:00 every day — six hours per day. The remaining hours Monday to Saturday are standard rate (06:00–17:30 and 22:30–24:00); Sunday 06:00–24:00 is all standard. The pre-963 morning peak (09:30–11:30) and split evening peak (17:00–20:00) are abolished. These windows apply across all four manufacturing voltage bands. Rates per kWh are unchanged from Decision 1279/QĐ-BCT — Decision 963 restructured the windows only, not the levels.
What is the peak-to-off-peak arbitrage spread on the manufacturing tariff?
The peak-to-off-peak arbitrage spread on the manufacturing tariff ranges from VND 2,120/kWh at ≥110 kV to VND 2,340/kWh at <6 kV, excluding VAT. The 22 kV band (most common mid-scale industrial connection) delivers VND 2,208/kWh. These are among the widest C&I arbitrage spreads in Southeast Asia and make behind-the-meter BESS directly bankable. Under Decision 963/QĐ-BCT (effective 22 April 2026), the daily arbitrage window expanded to a single continuous 5-hour evening peak (17:30–22:30 Mon–Sat) — 66% wider than the pre-963 split window — extending daily BESS dispatch hours without changing the absolute spread.
Does the two-part tariff apply to manufacturing customers?
Yes, for customers connected at ≥22 kV and consuming ≥200,000 kWh per month. These customers entered parallel shadow billing on 1 January 2026 and begin real-money billing from 1 July 2026 under Decree 146/2025/NĐ-CP. At 22 kV manufacturing the capacity charge is VND 235,414/kW/month on registered Pmax; pilot energy rates are approximately 25–35% below Decision 1279.
How does the manufacturing tariff compare to the business tariff at the same voltage?
At 22 kV the business (kinh doanh) tariff is materially higher than the manufacturing tariff — VND 5,025 vs 3,398/kWh at peak, VND 1,609 vs 1,190/kWh at off-peak. The peak-to-off-peak spread on business tariff is VND 3,416/kWh versus VND 2,208/kWh on manufacturing. Circular 60/2025/TT-BCT reclassified third-party data centres into the business class in December 2025.